Organizing manuscripts: Organizing manuscripts belongs to another major in theory. Putting it in the pre-press part will undoubtedly make the meaning of pre-press more extensive. In fact, this part of the work is done by the unit or individual who wants to publish the book. Whether it is a manuscript, a draft, a call for papers or a personal creation, as the source of the birth of a book, this work is necessary. There is no passive water, no wood, and the editor must feel that a certain genre Only its readers will start to edit the manuscript. As for the content of the manuscript, the quality of the manuscript is controlled by the publisher. Our job is to use equipment, management and technology to present a satisfactory book to readers, in order to reminisce the trust of editors or authors.
Manuscript: As a large-scale comprehensive modern printing enterprise, we integrate design, graphic production, film proofing, printing, binding and post-processing, so we have corresponding treatment for manuscripts sent from different production stages Methods can be smoothly incorporated into the work process. Because professional publishing houses, magazines, advertising design companies and non-professional companies, institutions, groups and even individuals provide us with different manuscripts. According to the type of manuscripts received, we will take the workload of the printing house from small to large-a list:
1. Large-format film (large-format film): Limited by professional technology and equipment, very few customers can provide large-format film and proofing. The advantage of the large version of the film is that it saves time for imposition, and can directly dry the blue paper. After ok, it directly enters the stage of drying the PS version. After the version is printed, it is printed on the printing machine; second, it avoids manual imposition. The errors caused make the four-color overprint more accurate during printing, which directly guarantees the variety of books.
Pre-press workflow diagram
2. Loose film (loose film): At present, most magazines, publishing houses or design companies will provide loose film and proofing. After we receive it, we will do the following: First, we will count the number of films: including the P number (that is, the number of pages, which is the abbreviation of the English page), and the number of colors per p. Generally, a color book will have four films per p. , These four sheets are red, yellow, blue and black, and there will be a mark in the blank space outside the heart of each film, sometimes in Chinese-"red", "yellow" "blue" "black" Sometimes it is the English abbreviation-"M", "Y", "C", "K". The reason why it is marked is to facilitate the next process-to make a large version. Of course, if it is a black-and-white film, it is much simpler to click, and there is only one black version of the film per P: if it is a two-color print, each P consists of two-color films. Normally, we first put the blue paper version according to the book binding method. Color books generally only have two main colors of red and black. After they are spelled out, the large version of the blue paper is printed. Arrange the posts and teach them to confirm. This step is a crucial part. It is the last chance for customers to check the correctness of the content before printing, and it is a necessary part for us to check the correctness of the imposition. Those who read the blue paper are responsible for their actions, and if they are confirmed, they must sign their names. After the blue paper is recognized, you can put it on the machine version. This time, the four-color film is put together. After the big version is finished, the machine version is printed. Each color corresponds to a PS version, and the four colors correspond to the four versions. In addition, we will also collage the loose proofs into a large version in the order of imposition, and follow the color when printing.
3. Make complete electronic files: There are also many professional customers who have made complete electronic files themselves, carved them into CDs and taught them to us, and some put the files directly on our server through the network (FTP: //218.245 235.251). Either way, we most want to get the PDF format document, because this can minimize the error rate, both fast and accurate. Of course, not too many customers can do it, but it does not matter, because we can open almost any file made by typesetting software. After receiving the document, our pre-press workers will check the document before the film is released: such as the correct size of the finished product, whether the font is missing, whether the format of the picture is correct, whether the resolution is sufficient for the printing standard, whether the side image is bleeding, to be retained Whether the content is far enough from the cutting line, whether there are garbled characters, etc. Of course, some problems will only be discovered after digital samples are printed. We have several digital proofing machines. Digital proofing is the basis for printing and coloring. After getting the proof, customers must carefully check the color, text, layout and Other content of the picture. The problematic parts are corrected again, and then proofing is confirmed until it is completely correct. . After the proofing is confirmed, it will be divided into two programs because of the different forms of final publication: if CTP is adopted for publishing and printing, we will use professional imposition software in the computer to make the layout, and then print a set of digital blue paper. The excavator version is convenient and fast, which is the development trend of modern printing; it can also output film, just like the traditional way, print the PS version and print on the machine.
4. Prepared documents and photo manuscripts: customers need to use our professional electronic scanning equipment to convert photos, reversal films, prints and even film manuscripts into photo electronic information (such as TIFF format) with sufficient printing accuracy, and then proceed Retouching and adjusting pictures, all these are operated by our professional staff before printing. Proofing and other work will be carried out after the document is completed, the process is the same as above.
5. Ideas, text and picture manuscripts: There will be some non-professional customers, all they can provide are some manuscripts, word documents, logos, photos and some ideas. Our designers will first communicate with customers to understand their ideas for making books, such as the nature of the book, requirements for format, paper, and binding format, personal preferences and cost range. When the information is clear, then designing can be targeted, avoiding useless work, and making the design easier for customers to recognize. Of course, the premise is that the client who communicated with the client in the early stage and the client who made the final decision should be the same person, because people's preferences are different. Before finalizing the design, there will be many times of repeated communication and proofreading process. It is necessary to be keenly aware of the customer's requirements and make good suggestions to the customer. Because our designers have a good understanding of pre-press knowledge and the design documents will be very complete, the output work after finalization will proceed smoothly.
Commonly used professional typesetting software
Prepress knowledge:
＊ Requirements for picture quality:
Photo electronic version-after setting the printing size, the resolution cannot be less than 300dpi;
Printed manuscript-the scanned result will not be better than the manuscript, so the quality of the manuscript should be as high as possible;
＊ CMYK format and RGB format:
The color output before printing must be CMYK mode, so as to meet the printing process afterwards. The image used for display on the screen is expressed in RGB mode; the image used for printed matter is expressed in CMYK mode. For example, periodicals, albums, posters, etc. are all printed out, so they must be in CMYK mode. CMY is the first letter of the name of three printing inks: cyan Cvan, magenta Magenta, and yellow Yellow. The K is blank. The reason why the first letter of cyan is not taken is to avoid confusion with blue. Theoretically, only three inks of CMY are needed, and the three of them should be black. However, because the current manufacturing process cannot produce high-purity inks, the result of CMY addition is actually a dark red, so special black inks need to be added to express accurate colors.
＊ Knowledge of outlets:
In the printing process, the continuous and halftone images are adjusted by the density of the dots, and by mixing the CMYK four-color dots, you can express endless colors. There are two main types of dots currently used in the printing process: amplitude modulation dots (AM) and frequency modulation dots (FM).
Amplitude modulation dots are the most widely used dots at present, and their dot density is fixed. By adjusting the size of the dots, the shades of colors are expressed to achieve the transition of tones. In printing, the use of amplitude modulation dots mainly needs to consider factors such as dot size, dot shape, dot angle, and line accuracy.
(1) Size of outlets-coverage of outlets.
10% to 30% of the dots in the bright tone section
Middle tone 40%-60%
Dark tone 70%-90%
(2) The shape of the dots is more than a circle. It is divided into the shape of the dots in the case of 50% inking rate. It can be divided into three types: square, round, and diamond.
(3) In printing plate making, the choice of dot angle is very important.
Common dot angles 90 degrees, 15 degrees, 45 degrees, 75 degrees;
The best performance at 45 degrees, stability is not dull;
15. The angle stability of 75 is poor;
When two or more kinds of dots are put together, there will be mutual interference. When the interference is serious enough to affect the appearance of the image, there will be commonly known as "turtle", also known as "bumping the net." Generally speaking, when the angle difference between the two dots is 30 degrees or 60 degrees, the overall interference fringe is more beautiful.
(4) The size of the number of screen lines determines the degree of surprise of the image. Similar to the resolution, we usually use how many dots can be arranged per inch, and the unit b (line per inch) represents the density of dots. The setting of specific printing lines also involves paper and printing conditions:
Below 130 lines: low-quality printing, used for newsprint, writing paper or large posters, etc .;
150 lines: ordinary four-color printing, can be used for all kinds of paper;
175 lines: Exquisite picture books and posters, mostly used for printing on coated paper. A large number of printed materials of our company adopt this line number;
200 lines or more: the highest-required album, using high-grade coated paper or special paper.
FM outlets are fixed in size, and the tone is achieved by controlling the density of the outlets. The dots in the bright tone are sparse, and the dots in the dark tone are dense. The advantages of the FM network are: it can better reflect the details of the image; make the picture feel smoother; and there will be no network control phenomenon. But the use of FM network requires high printing plates.
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