A few days ago, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council solemnly held the National Science and Technology Award Conference in Beijing. Party and country leaders Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Liu Yunshan, and Zhang Gaoli attended the meeting and presented awards to the winning delegates. Professor Chen Xianhui of our school and the collaborators of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were awarded the first prize of the National Natural Science Award for their outstanding contributions in the field of iron-based high-temperature superconducting research. Before that, since 2000, there have been 9 vacancies in the 13th year of the National Natural Science First Prize, and there have been vacancies for 3 consecutive years.
The research team of Professor Chen Xianhui from the School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China / Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale (Preparation) and Academician Zhao Zhongxian from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Researcher Wang Nanlin, Researcher Wen Haihu, and Professor Fang Zhong based on the long-term accumulation A lot of original work has made breakthrough progress, won wide recognition from the international academic community, led and promoted the research and development of iron-based superconductivity and related fields, and stimulated a new round of high-temperature superconductivity research boom in the world. In view of the outstanding contributions in the "discovery of iron-based high-temperature superconductors above 40K and the study of some basic physical properties", the research team was awarded the first prize of the National Natural Science Award.
Group photo of five winners (from left to right: Wang Nanlin, Chen Xianhui, Zhao Zhongxian, Wen Haihu, Fang Zhong)
There are three main members of the award-winning team from the Chinese University of Science and Technology, of which Academician Zhao Zhongxian is a 1964 undergraduate graduate of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, and Chen Xianhui and Wang Nanlin both received Ph.D.
Superconductivity is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of the 20th century. It refers to the phenomenon that some materials suddenly disappear when the temperature drops below a critical temperature, or below the superconducting transition temperature, and cannot be penetrated by a magnetic field. Materials with this characteristic are called superconductors. In the history of superconducting research, 10 people have won the Nobel Prize five times, and its scientific importance is self-evident. At present, the mechanism of superconductivity and the exploration of new superconductors are one of the most important frontier issues in the physics community, attracting countless physicists all over the world. At the same time, superconducting has great application prospects in the fields of scientific research, information and communication, industrial processing, energy storage, transportation, biomedicine, and even aerospace, and has attracted widespread attention.
The physicist McMillan calculated according to traditional theory that the transition temperature of superconductors generally cannot exceed 40K (approximately minus 233 degrees Celsius), and this temperature is also known as "McMillan limit temperature". In 1986, two European scientists discovered that a copper oxide superconductor with copper as a key superconducting element has a transition temperature higher than 40K, so it is called a high-temperature superconductor. Copper oxide high-temperature superconductors have played an important role in the history of superconducting research, but they belong to ceramic materials, and the complex manufacturing process makes it difficult to achieve large-scale applications. In the mid-to-late 1990s, the international physics community tended to believe that the information given by copper oxide superconductors was basically exhausted. Research on the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity through copper oxide superconductors encountered a bottleneck.
Researchers from the Institute of Superconductivity of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, represented by Chen Xianhui, have been insisting on the field of high-temperature superconductivity research for two decades, and have established good cooperative research with their colleagues in the Institute of Physics.
In February 2008, Japanese scientists discovered a new superconducting material with a critical temperature of 26K (minus 247.15 degrees Celsius), which attracted the attention of Chen Xianhui. He set up a research team with several graduate students that day. After more than a month and day and night, Chen Xianhui's team obtained the iron-based compound superconductor with a critical temperature of 43 K (minus 230.15 degrees Celsius) for the first time in the world-fluorine-doped samarium iron iron arsenic compound, which broke the limit of McMillan , Indicating the discovery of a new class of high-temperature superconductors. This result was published in Nature and attracted the attention of scientists all over the world. It became one of the five most influential and cited papers in the world in 2008.
After the Chen Xianhui group, the Wang Nanlin group of the Institute of Physics independently reported that the fluorine-doped cerium iron iron arsenic compound exhibited superconductivity at 41 K (minus 232.15 degrees Celsius); the research team led by Zhao Zhongxian of the Institute The superconducting critical temperature is raised to 55 Kelvin (minus 218.15 degrees Celsius).
Scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Physics have made remarkable achievements in the research of iron-based high-temperature superconductivity, leading the upsurge of international research. The internationally renowned scientific journal Science published a special review on "New superconductors push Chinese physicists to the forefront", stating that "China's surging research results mark that China has become a powerful country in the field of condensed matter physics" . At the same time, the research of iron-based superconductors was rated as the "Top Ten Scientific Breakthroughs of 2008" by the American Science magazine, the "2008 Major Events in Physics" of the American Physical Society, and the "Best of 2008" by the European Physical Society.
In addition, our school's achievements this year won 2 National Natural Science Second Prizes and 1 National Science and Technology Progress First Prize. Prof. Gong Liuzhu from the School of Chemistry and Materials Science / Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale (Preparation) and Prof. Jiang Yaozhong from the Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and others made research on the "asymmetric catalytic system of small organic molecules and metals and their synergistic effects" Made important contributions and won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award; the National Laboratory of Synchrotron Radiation of our school as the third completed unit and the Shanghai National Institute of Applied Physics and other units completed the "Shanghai Light Source National Major Scientific Project" project, and won the national scientific and technological progress First prize; Professor Yan Mulin from the School of Physics of our school, as the fifth accomplisher, and the "Beijing Spectrometer II Experimental Discovery of New Particles" project, which was completed in cooperation with the Jinshan researcher of the Institute of High Energy Physics, won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award.
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