Scientists have recognized the importance of studying the long-term effects of VR on the human body.
Oculus
Rift and Samsung Gear VR headsets are recommended for ages over 13 and Sony PlayStation VR is 12 years old. HTC's Vive is even more demanding and believes that children are prohibited from using such devices. Google's relatively simple Cardboard also needs to be used under the supervision of an adult.
None of the above companies explained the age limit. So how does science explain this? Marientina Gotsis, director of the Center for Creative Media and Behavioral Health at the School of Film and Television Arts at the University of Southern California, believes that scientific research is still lagging behind and does not fully explain its possible impact. However, considering the lack of research data, the research on neural plasticity (brain self-remodeling) is not deep, and the impact on children themselves is not clear. She believes that it is better for children not to use VR equipment.
In 2014, researchers at the University of California found in mice that brain neurons associated with spatial learning are in completely different states in virtual and real-world environments. In a virtual environment, more than half of the nerves are dormant. The impact of this phenomenon on humans is still unclear, but scientists have recognized the importance of studying the long-term effects of VR on the human body.
Gotsis said that VR may have a major impact on children's brain development. Her research center uses a variety of different entertainment technologies (including VR) for psychological and behavioral health research. The subjects are mainly children, and the specifications of all studies are very strict.
She said: "Children's brains have good plasticity. They may cause damage after long-term adverse effects of equipment. And they are likely to be unaware of eye fatigue. Even if they feel uncomfortable, they don't have the awareness of taking off the equipment. ""
However, she believes that this does not mean that VR is harmful to children or has always been harmful. After all, this is directly related to factors such as specific equipment, usage, time of use, and individual differences among children.
Studies have suggested that VR may have an impact on children's eyes. Although parents often warn their children to stare at the screen and see myopia, the American Academy of Ophthalmology said there is no direct evidence that gazing at the screen for a long time can cause eye damage.
Another problem with VR is the so-called visual convergence-adjustment conflict. When you observe the real world normally, your eyes will first adjust the eyeball, converge the line of sight, then focus on the object, and make visual adjustments. Under the joint action of these two processes, a clear visual pattern is formed.
Modern VR headsets create the illusion of visual depth of field by presenting different planar images to the two eyes. This means that regardless of the distance the object looks, the eyes are fixed and they are always focused on the image plane of the device.
Peter Howarth, a visual ergonomics optometrist and senior lecturer at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom, said: "Some scientists believe that this is why people experience discomfort when watching 3D movies or using head-mounted devices."
However, Howarth believes that there is conclusive evidence that only those with eye movements or poor control may have adverse reactions such as pain and eye strain. He also said that for children, these symptoms happen to be a precursor to eye examinations, and VR devices actually help to identify problems.
Howarth said that as far as he knows, there is currently no academic research on the effects of VR on children's eyes. And VR equipment manufacturers have begun to get involved in this field. He revealed: "It is estimated that manufacturers do such research, they want to endorse their products. When children suffer from strabismus, they can use it to shirk their responsibilities."
Dr. Michael Madary is a research assistant at the University of Mainz in Germany. In February of this year, he and his colleagues completed the first ethical specification for VR use. He believes that for a long time, there may be a lack of research on the impact of VR on children.
He said: "There are obstacles to children as research subjects, and even face serious moral and ethical issues, making research difficult to carry out." Madary's work is to combine the psychological and neurological achievements to study the ethics involved in new technologies. He believes that the biggest problem facing VR is the impact on children's psychological growth.
Madary said: "It is difficult for young children to distinguish between reality and sci-fi. It is conceivable that after using VR, the ability to discern will be lower."
Madary also said that the impact of bad content in the movie may be magnified after using the VR device. The negative effects of advertising and the evil behavior of villains can have a more dramatic impact.
He said: "In VR, whether for marketing purposes or political or religious reasons, you will be placed in a man-made environment. If children are under such control for a long time, their autonomy will be threatened. It is conceivable that such a child will become a person when he grows up."
Even though VR has enormous potential for application in education and therapy, Madary still calls on manufacturers to be cautious. He even suggested setting up a scientific team to study the long-term impact of the technology.
He also said: "Parents should also be more concerned about this issue, thus affecting the development trend of the matter, be cautious, do not let your child become a test article."
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