Such a large amount of waste will not only seriously pollute the environment, but also prolonged exposure to diseases that are apt to cause chrome sores and nasal perforation. How to turn waste into treasure and harm is beneficial is an important issue in current research.
As a traditional packaging container, glass jars have a long history of canned drinks. Because it has the advantages of good chemical stability, no contamination of contents, transparency, cleanliness, aesthetics, good sealing performance, durability, and low price, it still has strong vitality. In recent years, the production of glass bottles and tins in the country has developed rapidly, and the output has increased. According to the information provided by the Glass Containers Committee of the China Packaging Technology Association, there are more than 150 glass bottle and canneries across the country, with a production capacity of 500 tons, of which emerald green glass products account for one third.
Most of the colorants of the original green glass are chromium-containing metal compounds. Generally, sodium dichromate is used as a colorant for chemical materials, and the price per ton is 1,800 yuan. After using chemical plants to prepare sodium dichromate and potassium dichromate, chromium slag is processed and crushed into powder as a coloring agent for glass. The price per ton is about 200 yuan. If the annual output of 66,000 tons of glass products, using chromium slag instead of sodium dichromate, the chromium slag amount of 1267t, while the annual amount of sodium dichromate 173t, the price of sodium dichromate is l73 × 1800 = 31,1400 yuan; the price of chromium slag is 1267×200=253,400 yuan. The difference is 58,000 yuan.
The use of chromium slag as a colorant has the following advantages:
One: You can turn waste into treasure, harm harm, and reduce environmental pollution.
Second: Chrome slag has a low melting point and is easily melted, which can lower the melting temperature, save energy, reduce costs, and increase economic efficiency.
Three: The chromium slag powder contains a small amount of chromium, and the coloring ability of chromium ions is very strong. The amount of chromium slag powder used in the batch material is 3 to 4 times larger than the amount of sodium chromate, because it is evenly distributed, and it is not easy to make glass products. Black spots appear.
From the composition point of view: in sodium dichromate, cr2o3 accounted for 54.37%, na2o accounted for 20%;
Among the chromium slags, sio2 accounted for 8.26%, al2o3 accounted for 7.86%, fe2o3 accounted for 13.38%, cao accounted for 30.68%, mgo accounted for 21.76%, and cr2o3 accounted for 4.61%.
The beer bottle recipe is (%): sio2 al2o3 fe2o3 cao mgo na2o bao so3 cr2o3 67.72 6.04 0.59 7.58 2.32 14.44 0.83 0.36 0.10.
In order to reduce the glass expansion coefficient, improve the chemical stability and mechanical strength in the formula, the content of sio2 is 67.72%, and the composition of the beer bottle is mainly sodium, calcium and silicon. The introduction of a certain amount of al2O3 into soda-lime-silica glass mainly composed of soda-lime-silica can reduce the crystallization performance of glass, increase the chemical stability of glass, and introduce the mgo to reduce the tendency to devitrify, while the introduction of na2o can reduce the viscosity of glass and make glass Easy to melt, it is a good flux of glass.
With regard to the determination of the amount of colorant cr2o3, neither the color is too dark nor the color is too light, too deep, the thermal conductivity is too bad, and too shallow is too hot. Therefore, the product is green and the amount of cr2o3 satisfying the requirement is mass fraction=0.1%. It can be seen that chromium slag can completely replace sodium dichromate as a colorant.
In the process of using chromium slag, a certain glass factory in Qingdao complied with the national standards for beer bottles gb451l-91, and all of them passed the following experience and experience in practice:
1) The use of waste chromium slag powder as a glass colorant is technically no problem and can be widely promoted and applied. Taking an annual output of 66,000 tons of beer as an example, the disposal of 1500 tons of waste residue can save 184,000 yuan. At present, the output of the emerald green beer bottle is around 1.6 million tons. After the technology was adopted, 3,600 tons of waste residue could be disposed of in the whole year, saving 4.43 million yuan of funds.
2) The particle size of the chromium slag powder is required to pass through an 80-mesh sieve. If it is too thick, it will cause difficulty in melting and the product will appear black spots.
3) Outsourced waste During the entire production process, from the input of raw materials to the production processes, we must strictly control and strictly implement the process regulations. In particular, we must ensure the management and measurement of chromium slag powder. This is a strong guarantee for improving product quality.
4) For other raw materials, waste glass, especially after entering the factory, should be cleaned to remove debris, and the size of the broken glass should be about 30×30mm. This can meet the requirements of feeding and is easy to melt.
5) For a variety of reasons, a large amount of chromium slag waste can not be used for industrial production in a wider range. Accumulation and storage will not only pollute farmland and rivers, endanger people's health, but also become a heavy burden for chromium salt manufacturers across the country. burden.
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