The name of the country is Lao People's Democratic Republic (THELAOPEOPLE'SDEMOCRATICREPUBLIC).
An area of ​​236,800 square kilometers.
Population 5.37 million (2001). There are more than 60 tribes, roughly divided into the Old Dragons (about 60% of the country's population), the old listeners, and the old Songs. General Lao. Residents believe more in Buddhism. Over 30,000 overseas Chinese and Chinese people.
The capital city of VIENTIANE has a population of 616,000 (2001). The highest temperature is 31.7°C and the minimum temperature is 22.6°C.
KHAMTAYSIPHANDONE, Chairman of the National Head of State.
Important Festival Lao People's Army Establishment Day: January 20 (1949). Establishment date of Lao People's Revolutionary Party: March 22 (1955). The Lao New Year (Songkran Festival, also known as the Songkran Festival): The Buddhist calendar in May, generally starting on April 13 of the annual Gregorian calendar, for a total of three days before and after. Independence Day: October 12 (1945). Tatar Festival: Buddhist calendar in December, calendar month in November. National Day: December 2 (1975).
Profile
Located in the northern part of the Indochina Peninsula, the landlocked country borders China to the north, Cambodia to the south, Vietnam to the east, Myanmar to the northwest, and Thailand to the southwest. The Mekong River flows 1900 kilometers west. Tropical, subtropical monsoon climate. May to October is the rainy season, and November to April is the dry season. The annual average temperature is about 26°C, and the annual precipitation is 1250mm to 3750mm.
The establishment of the Kingdom of Yu Kingdom in 1353 was a period of great prosperity in Laos. In 1893 he became a French protectorate. In September 1940, it was occupied by Japan. October 12, 1945 declared its independence. In 1946, France invaded again. In July 1954, it signed the Geneva agreement on the restoration of peace in Indochina. France withdrew its troops from Laos and soon the United States replaced it. In 1962, the Geneva Agreement on Laos was signed. Laos set up a coalition government with Prince Fumar as Prime Minister and Prince Sufaru Feng as Deputy Prime Minister. In 1964, the United States supported pro-US forces to undermine the coalition government and attack the liberated areas. In February 1973, the Lao parties signed an agreement on the restoration of peace and national harmony in Laos. In April 1974, a new coalition government headed by Fumar and a political joint committee chaired by Sufaru von were established. In December 1975, it announced the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
political
Laos implements a socialist system. The Lao People's Revolutionary Party is the only political party in Laos. In 1991, the “Big Five†of the Lao Party determined the "principal comprehensive reform line," and proposed six basic principles such as adhering to the party's leadership and socialist orientation, and implementing an open policy to the outside world. In 2001, the “Law of the Seventh†of the Lao Party put forward the development goals and specific guidelines of Laos during the first two decades of the 21st century, emphasizing the continued adherence to the leadership of the Party and the unchanging socialist orientation; taking economic construction as the focus of work and addressing the food and clothing of the people. As the primary task, the issue should speed up development and get rid of underdevelopment as soon as possible. In 2003, Laos maintained political stability and social peace.
[Constitution] In August 1991, the second session of the second session of the Lao People's Supreme People's Assembly passed the first Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The Constitution clearly stipulates that the Lao People’s Democratic Republic is a people’s democratic state and that all power is vested in the people. The people of all ethnic groups exercise the power to become masters of the country under the leadership of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party.
[Parliament] The Lao National Assembly (formerly known as the Supreme People's Assembly, which was changed to its present name in August 1992) is the highest authority and legislative body in the country and is responsible for the formulation of constitutions and laws. The term of each term of the Congress is five years, and two meetings are held each year. The special meeting is decided by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly or proposed by more than two-thirds of the members. Members of the National Assembly are directly elected by local governments. The fifth National Assembly was elected in February 2002 and 109 members of the National Assembly. In April 2002, the first meeting was held in Vientiane, chaired by SAMANANE GGNAKET.
[Government] The highest administrative agency in the country. The current government was formed on April 9, 2002, and some personnel changes took place in 2003. The main members are: the government's prime minister, BOUNGNANG VORACHITH, the deputy prime minister, ASANLALOLY, the deputy prime minister and director of the National Plan Cooperation Committee, THONGLOUNSISOULITH, and the deputy prime minister, POSON BUPAVAN (BOUASONEBOUPHAVANH), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs SOMSAVATLENGSAVAD, Defense Minister DOUANGDCHAYPHICHIT, Finance Minister CHANSYPHOSIKHAM, Education Minister PAMASON PHIMMASONELUANGKHAMMA, SOPHHANHPHENGKHAMMY, Minister of Labor and Social Welfare, SOULIVONGDARAVONG, Minister of Trade, BOUATHONGVONGLOKHAM, Minister of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications, National Bank of China President PHUMMY THIPPAVONE, Minister of Industry and Handicrafts ONNEUAPHPHMAMACHANH, Minister of Public Security SUTCHAY THAMMASITH, Minister of Information and Culture PHANDOUANGCHI TVONGSA, Chairman SOUBANHSARITHIRATH, Minister of Agriculture and General Office, Agriculture and Minister of Forestry: SIENE SAP HANGTHONG, Minister of Health, Pomereme Dalaryo, Minister of Justice KHAMOUANE BOUPHA, Chancellor of the Prime Minister BBOntheni Mpitisia, Sulli Nan SOULINANTHAVONG, SATSENGLYTENGBLIACHUE, SOMPHONGMONGKONVILAY, and VENETHONGLUANGVILAY.
[Administrative Division] There are 16 provinces, 1 municipality, and 1 administrative district in the country.
[Judiciary] The Lao Supreme People's Court is the highest judicial authority. KHAMMYXAYAVONG, President of the Supreme People's Court, was elected in April 2002; Khanpanepilavon, President of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, was re-elected in April 2002; Director of the Old Party Central Party and Government Supervision Committee Feng Pei Segoya Todo (VONGPHETSAYKEUYACHONGTOUA), re-elected in March 2001.
[Party] THE LAOPEOPLE'S REVOLUTIONARY PARTY: The only political party and ruling party in Laos. Established on March 22, 1955. Originally known as the Lao People's Party, it was changed to its current name when the "Big Two" was held in 1972. The existing party members are 78,000. Its purpose is: to lead the people throughout the country in undertaking innovation, to build and develop a democratic system for the people, and to build a peaceful, independent, democratic, united, and prosperous Laos, and to create conditions for gradual embarkation on socialism. The current Central Committee was formed in March 2001 and consists of 53 members of the Central Committee. Kandai Sipan Dun is the chairman of the Party Central Committee and the Politburo has 11 members: Kandai Sipandun, Shaman Weyaggi, Jumari Saijson, Thongsing Tammavon, Osagegan Tammatieva (OSAKANTHAMMATHEVA, died in October 2002), Bianyang Wallaj, Sishawar Keophnhanhan, Asan Lori, Tolun Sisuri, Longnian Phi Kyrgyzstan, Posson Bupavan.
The Lao Foundation for the Establishment of the Founding of the People's Republic of China was established in January 1956. The original Laos patriotic front was a national united front organization under the leadership of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. The existing 94 members of the Central Committee. Chairman Siswa Qiao Benpang.
[Important figures] Kandy Sipandun: Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and president of the country. Born in Champasak on February 8, 1924. In 1947, he participated in the anti-France armed struggle. In 1960, he served as commander-in-chief of the Shu combat force. After 1972, he served as the second to seventh member of the Political Bureau of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. In 1975, he served as deputy prime minister and defense minister. In August 1991, he became the Prime Minister of the government. In November 1992, he was elected Chairman of the Party Central Committee at the extraordinary meeting of the old party Central Committee. On February 22, 1993, he was re-elected as the Prime Minister of the government in the Third Parliament of Laos. On March 15, 2001, he was re-elected Chairman of the Party Central Committee at the "Seventh Party" of the Laotian Party. On April 9, 2002, he was re-elected as chairman of the country at the first meeting of the Fifth National Assembly of Laos. Once in 1959 China participated in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. In October 1991 and December 1993, a delegation led a visit to China, and in July 2000 and June 2003, China visited China.
Shaman Viagi: Chairman of the National Assembly. Born on March 3, 1927 in Axapo Province. In 1945 to participate in the struggle for national independence. In 1970, he served as the commander of the Laotian People's Liberation Army's military district. In 1977, he served as Deputy Minister of Defense and Director of the General Political Department. After 1982, he served as secretary of the Third and Fourth Central Secretariat of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee from the fourth to the seventh. In 1988, he became Minister of Education. February 20, 1993 was elected Chairman of the Third National Assembly of Laos. On April 9, 2002, he was re-elected as the chairman of the parliament at the first meeting of the fifth session of the Lao National Assembly. In May 1995, an old parliamentary delegation visited China.
Jumari Seljason: Vice President of the country. Born on June 3, 1936 in Axapo Province. In 1954 participated in the revolution. From 1975 to 1982, he served as the director of the Chief of Staff of the General Staff Department and deputy chief of staff; from 1982 to 1991, he served as Deputy Minister of Defense and First Deputy Minister; and on August 15, 1991, the second Supreme People’s Assembly was appointed as National Defense. Minister; served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense in February 1998; was elected as Vice-Chairman of the Lao Nationality at the Fourth Session of the Fourth National Assembly in March 2001; and was re-appointed as the Vice President of Laos for the first time in April of the Fifth National Congress. He is the third member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, an alternate member of the Fourth Central Political Bureau, and a member of the Fifth to Seventh Central Political Bureau. In 1991, 1994 and 1999, he led a Ministry of National Defense delegation to visit China.
Benjan Wallage: Prime Minister. Born on 15 August 1937 in Savannakhet, Laos. He joined the revolution in 1952 and received military training in Laos, Vietnam, and the former Soviet Union. From 1954 to 1982, he served in the Central Military District of Laos and served as commander of the Central Military Region. From 1982 to 1986, he served as Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Governor of Savannakhet. In 1992, he served as Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee and mayor of Vientiane. In April 1996, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the government. In 1999, he served as minister of finance. On March 27, 2001, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of the government at the Seventh Congress of the Fourth Session of the Lao National Assembly. On April 9, 2002, the first meeting of the fifth session of the Lao National Assembly was re-elected as prime minister. He is a member of the 3rd to 7th Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and a member of the 6th and 7th Central Political Bureau. In July 1997, he visited China as the Deputy Prime Minister. In February 2002, he officially visited China in the name of the Prime Minister.
economic
Agriculture is the mainstay and the industrial base is weak. Since 1988, the reform and opening line has been implemented, and the economic structure has been adjusted, that is, agroforestry, industry, and service industries have been combined to give priority to the development of agro-forestry; the highly centralized economic management system has been abolished, and it has been transferred to a business accounting system, and a variety of forms of ownership have coexisted. Economic policies, gradually improve the market economy mechanism, make efforts to convert natural and semi-natural economy into a commodity economy; open up to the outside world, promulgate foreign capital laws, improve the investment environment; expand foreign economic relations, and strive to introduce more funds, advanced technologies, and management methods . From 1991 to 1996, the national economy grew at an average annual rate of 7%. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the Lao currency Kip was devalued sharply. The Lao government has basically maintained social stability and economic stability through measures such as strengthening macroeconomic regulation, rectifying the financial order, and expanding agricultural production. In 2001, the “Seventh Party†of the Lao PDR formulated a plan for economic development from 2001 to 2005. The average annual growth rate of GDP in Laos during the next five years should not be less than 7%, and priority should be given to developing advantageous industries such as agriculture, energy, minerals, and tourism to increase exports. By 2020, the per capita GDP will triple by 1,500 U.S. dollars. In 2002, the economy of Laos continued to maintain its momentum of development. The annual economic plan and budget were basically completed. Foreign foreign aid increased. The domestic market and purchasing power increased, and the exchange rate was basically stable. By promulgating the "Local Administrative Law" and amending the "Tax Law", the relationship between the central government and the local government will be further rationalized and macro-management will be strengthened. Laos’ economic development still faces difficulties such as weak foundations, lack of talents and funds, and lagging infrastructure conditions such as transportation.
Gross national product (2003): About 2 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 5.9% year-on-year.
Per capita gross national product (2003): $356.
Currency Name: KIP.
Exchange rate (2003): One dollar is about 10,400 kip.
Inflation rate (2003): 15%.
[Resources] There are tin, lead, potassium, copper, iron, gold, gypsum, coal, salt and other minerals. Tin, gypsum, potassium, salt, coal, etc. have been mined so far. Rich in water resources. About 9 million hectares of forest area, the country's forest coverage rate is about 42%, producing teak, rosewood and other valuable timber.
[Tourism] Since the reform and opening up, tourism has become a new industry in Laos economic development. In recent years, Laos has signed cooperation agreements with more than 500 foreign tourism companies and opened 11 international tourist ports. At the same time, it has taken measures such as increasing investment in tourism infrastructure, reducing visa fees, and liberalizing border tourism procedures. The tourism industry has continued to develop. In 2001, the Lao National Tourism Administration established the Mekong Tourism Information Service Center (website: http://WWW.MEKONGCENTER.COM). In 2002, foreign tourists reached 734,600 person-times, an increase of 9.18% year-on-year, generating foreign exchange of US$113 million. Luang Prabang, Laos, and Pakse Wat Pho have been listed on the World Cultural Heritage List. Famous sites include Vientiane Pagoda, Jade Buddha Temple, Champasak Kongzi Waterfall, Luang Prabang Guangxi Waterfall and many more.
[Transportation] There is no seaport, no railroad, and it mainly depends on highways, water transport and air transport. The Mekong River can be divided into navigable vessels of 20 tons to 200 tons. The transportation situation in 2002 was as follows:
Highway: The total length is 32625 kilometers, with 23.315 million passengers and 1.946 million tons of cargo.
Water Transportation: The total length of the inland waterway is 4,600 kilometers, with 2,025 passengers and 770,000 tons of cargo.
Air: There are seven international routes: Vientiane - Kunming, Vientiane - Jinghong, Vientiane - Bangkok, Vientiane - Chiang Mai, Vientiane - Hanoi, Vientiane - Ho Chi Minh City, Vientiane - Phnom Penh. The number of passengers is 467,000 and the freight volume is 1900 tons. Vientiane Wattay Airport, Luang Prabang Airport and Pakse Airport are international airports.
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