As an information carrier, image technology has the role that other modes of communication cannot replace - at a glance. The image is a universal language for humans. From ancient rock paintings to today's digital images, the only change is the way of recording, and the image itself has remained unchanged. In real life, most of the images we contact with are photographic works, and photography technology has not been born for more than 160 years. Digital imaging is even younger. However, this short period of more than one hundred years is the fastest growing stage of image technology. The development of technology has provided us with the possibility and convenience of recording images. At the same time, it has also created the image itself and made it an art-photography art.
In the field of printing, the main object of image production is photography. Therefore, research and exploration of photography technology and art are indispensable. The image processing in the printing field is different from the traditional photo post-production. The way they represent images is completely different. Printed pictures are based on dot size to represent the factors that make up the picture - light and shadow, while photographic pictures are represented by silver salt accumulation. Both are based on the same artistic expression theory and convey the content of each picture through different technical means. The results of the production are reflected in the printed pictures. To achieve "rich layers, moderate contrasts, and accurate color reproduction." This is totally different depending on how people feel. Producers can only rely on some unspeakable “feelings†as a guide, and on the basis of “faithfulness to the original workâ€, rely on “eyesight†that has been trained for many years. Printing is not a simple copy. It requires the creator to understand the original work, and under the drive of his own aesthetic taste, he recreates the original work.
In order to produce high-quality prints, first of all, what should be a "good picture"? The so-called "good picture" is rich in levels, normal contrast, and accurate color reproduction.
1. Hierarchy: refers to a wide range of brightness distribution on the picture, showing a smooth tone transition, rich in detail;
2. Contrast Normal: The contrast is the density range of the picture, from the darkest tone to the brightest tone range. Contrast normally refers to the darkest tone, the brightest tone, and the subtle half tone between the two.
3. Color reproduction is accurate: the final color of the picture is consistent with the original color. Should ensure no color cast and high saturation. In practice, the original photos we received varied widely. Therefore, first of all, photos should be classified, and the characteristics of each type of photos should be analyzed, followed by targeted processing.
Technical factors of photographs - manifestations and methods
First, look at photos from the perspective of light
According to the different light can be divided into: Shun light, side light, 90 °C side light, backlight and other types:
1. Shunguang
The main content of the photo is in direct light, the light and shadow contrast is not obvious, the overall effect is bright, and the highlight part lacks details. If the ray angle is too high or too low, it will form a clear shadow on the uneven surface. In the production of such photos should pay attention to the preservation of the bright part of the level, can be appropriate to reduce the brightness, but should have a clear highlights. Shadows discard details, which can increase the contrast and make the photo appear bright overall.
2. Sidelight
Light comes from near the side of the subject at a 45° angle. This kind of light makes the subject have a strong "stereoscopic" effect, which is extremely beneficial for characterizing the texture of the subject. The overall tone of the photo is smooth, with rich layers and weak contrast. When making such photographs, we should strive to increase the contrast and abandon the rich levels of detail. For darker photos, increase the overall brightness and discard too much dark detail. For photographs with brighter tones, we should strive to preserve the darkness and dark shadows. Such photographs should retain clear highlights and shadows, regardless of shades.
3.90 °C side light
Light comes from the side of the subject at a 90° angle. In the subject's side and the front will form a clear light and shadow contrast. The lack of detail on the light-receiving surface makes the backlight dark due to underexposure. When dealing with such photographs, the shadows should be the main focus, trying to open the contrast. For the light-receiving surface, it should be kept at a much lower level, and be careful not to damage its original light effect.
4. Backlight
The light is shot from the back of the subject. The subject is in a thick shadow with clear outlines. The main part of the photo is dark and lacks layers. The contrast is very weak and the subject is chaotic. For the treatment of such photos, care should be taken to preserve the original overall backlighting effect. For the subject to be highlighted, increase the contrast and discard some details.
Second, from the tone to see photos
According to the photo tone can be divided into high-profile, low-key two categories:
1. High-profile photo
High-profile photographs refer to photo frames where most of the area is white and highlight areas, with only a small area being black and shaded. The overall feeling is bright and refreshing, there is no excessive level, and the details are all concentrated in the bright part. When making such photos, highlights should be taken as the main part. Some details should be properly preserved while the brightness should be increased to ensure no damage. The original bright effect should not darken the shadows, but keep a small area of ​​black. The typical performance of such photos is for women and children in white or light-colored clothes, as well as glassware, white or light-colored porcelain and silverware.
2. Low-key photos
Low-key photographs are contrary to high-profile photographs. Most of the area in the picture is black or dark and shaded, with only a few areas in light shades. The overall atmosphere of the photo feels mysterious, heavy or depressing. The shadows are rich in levels and the overall picture contrasts strongly. In the production of such photos, the shadows should be the main, and the darkness should not be over-pressed, and the levels and contrasts of the darkness should be properly preserved to highlight the mystery of the photo as a whole: hidden in the dark are rich contents. The main body of this type of photographs is diverse, with characters, still life, and so on. The quest is for a long-term mystery. Therefore, this effect should be enhanced during processing.
Third, see the photo effect from the contrast
According to the contrast of the photo, there are two types of high contrast and low contrast:
1. High contrast photo
High-contrast photos refer to photographs with a wide range of densities. There is no hierarchy of such photographs, contrast between light and shade is strong, there is lack or even no hierarchy of highlights and shadows, and the overall effect is bright. In the process of processing, it is not necessary to deliberately pursue the details. The density of the original dark part should be maintained, and the bright part should be pulled to the brightest (but not netting, in order to highlight the high contrast effect). This type of photo is usually a picture of silhouette, inverse shading, side backlit effects, and textures.
2. Low contrast photo
Low-contrast photos refer to photos with a very small density range. They have no obvious shadows and highlights. The tone transition is smooth, the middle layer is rich, and there are abundant details. The photo is full of “boringâ€. Such photographs are often used to express thick fog, a feeling of drizzle, and are very helpful in reproducing delicate skin textures. When dealing with the production of such photographs, it is possible to increase the contrast by lowering the dark part and increasing the bright part, and to abandon the excessively rich levels of detail, and appropriately retain the middle level. However, the overall effect of the photograph should not be destroyed. For the scene shot by backlighting, the scene can be treated by local addition and reduction of light.
The “gray†photos due to underexposure can also be adjusted accordingly.
Non-technical factors of the photo - performance topics and content
First, scenery photography
As the name implies, the theme of scenery photography is not used to express nature. Due to the variety of nature scenes and the illusion of light, even the same scene will vary depending on the light, time, season, angle, and composition. Mainly in the light and shadow composition, contrast, level and color temperature.
1. When the weather is strong
The photographs taken at this time have obvious light and contrast, and the contrast is relatively large. The dark and bright parts are not very rich in levels, and the overall light is bright and colorful, and different light and shadow effects are produced due to different time:
a. When the sun rises. At this time, the light angle is flat, which will cause the subject to form long shadows. The photo has a certain sense of rhythm, and the color gradually transitions from the cool (blue) hue at sunrise to the warm (red-orange) hue. Sometimes with a faint fog. When dealing with such photos, you should maintain the original contrast, do not have to pursue the richness of the hierarchy, and pay attention to maintaining the original color tone.
b. Direct sunlight. At this time, the sunlight is similar to the vertical illumination, and the contrast between the light and shadow is obvious. The contrast is strong, the color reproduction is accurate, and the photo as a whole feels translucent. The lack of levels in the highlights focuses more on the shadows and shadows. When dealing with such photographs, care should be taken to maintain the light level of this part. By increasing the contrast in the dark areas, the main level of detail of the photographs should be displayed, and the photographs should always be given clear highlights and dark areas.
c. When the sun sets. The effect of light at this time is similar to that of the sun, except that the colors only appear warm (orange). This type of photo can be produced according to the photo of the sun rising.
2. Rain and fog, cloudy days
The contrast of these photos is relatively weak, there is no obvious highlights and shadows, and the layers are rich. The photos are “boring†and the colors are cold (blue). In the production should be a large contrast, give up too rich layers of detail, to make photos with high light spots and dark parts, and pay attention to correcting color.
3. night view
The photo of the night view is very beautiful. With the dark sky as the background, the lights are bright and colorful. The colorful headlights pull out the string of rainbows. Such photographs are of great contrast, with a serious lack of hierarchy and few details. Contrast effect should be maintained when handling. The black is the darkest, the highlight is the brightest, and the original level details are properly retained.
Second, portrait photos
The subject of this kind of photo shooting is people, including outdoor portraits and indoor portraits.
1. Outdoor portrait
Outdoor portraits are similar to other outdoor shots in using light. The difference is that the subject is a person. Therefore, outdoor portrait pictures should be based on characters during production. The characters in the photo can be processed according to different effects such as light and tone, and the background of the foiled character in the photo can be appropriately darkened to highlight the character.
2. Indoor portrait
Indoor portraits are mostly semi-independent or facial features. Exquisite study, rich levels, moderate contrast, soft tone, accurate color reproduction. In the production process, the original artistic features and light and color effects should be maintained as much as possible, and the contrast should be appropriately increased and the levels should be adjusted according to the different subjects. If the subject is elderly people and men, the contrast should be increased to express the rough skin wrinkles and the lines of male fortitude. If the subject is a young woman and a child, attention should be paid to retaining the level and the overall brightness. By reducing the brightness of the face to reduce the shadow of the shadows, they are used to express their delicate skin texture...
Third, still life photography
The main body of still life is still, with extremely refined light and color effects. Rich in levels, delicate in tone, excellent in the details of the subject and the color performance. Whether it is an ordinary exercise or a beautiful advertisement, the feeling is unique - pure beauty! Still life photography shows the subjective color of the photographer. In the production of processing still life photos, strive to maintain the original color effect, give up the excessively rich level of detail. The main factors that make up the original work, such as color, level, contrast, tone, etc., should not be significantly changed (as opposed to other types of pictures) after the production is completed.
Fourth, the stage stills
Stage stills are a special kind of picture. Due to the needs of the show, the transformation of the stage lighting is complex and diverse, thus resulting in a special charm of the stage stills. However, its biggest feature is the uneven distribution of light. The photographs taken are very different. The subject may be
In the field of printing, the main object of image production is photography. Therefore, research and exploration of photography technology and art are indispensable. The image processing in the printing field is different from the traditional photo post-production. The way they represent images is completely different. Printed pictures are based on dot size to represent the factors that make up the picture - light and shadow, while photographic pictures are represented by silver salt accumulation. Both are based on the same artistic expression theory and convey the content of each picture through different technical means. The results of the production are reflected in the printed pictures. To achieve "rich layers, moderate contrasts, and accurate color reproduction." This is totally different depending on how people feel. Producers can only rely on some unspeakable “feelings†as a guide, and on the basis of “faithfulness to the original workâ€, rely on “eyesight†that has been trained for many years. Printing is not a simple copy. It requires the creator to understand the original work, and under the drive of his own aesthetic taste, he recreates the original work.
In order to produce high-quality prints, first of all, what should be a "good picture"? The so-called "good picture" is rich in levels, normal contrast, and accurate color reproduction.
1. Hierarchy: refers to a wide range of brightness distribution on the picture, showing a smooth tone transition, rich in detail;
2. Contrast Normal: The contrast is the density range of the picture, from the darkest tone to the brightest tone range. Contrast normally refers to the darkest tone, the brightest tone, and the subtle half tone between the two.
3. Color reproduction is accurate: the final color of the picture is consistent with the original color. Should ensure no color cast and high saturation. In practice, the original photos we received varied widely. Therefore, first of all, photos should be classified, and the characteristics of each type of photos should be analyzed, followed by targeted processing.
Technical factors of photographs - manifestations and methods
First, look at photos from the perspective of light
According to the different light can be divided into: Shun light, side light, 90 °C side light, backlight and other types:
1. Shunguang
The main content of the photo is in direct light, the light and shadow contrast is not obvious, the overall effect is bright, and the highlight part lacks details. If the ray angle is too high or too low, it will form a clear shadow on the uneven surface. In the production of such photos should pay attention to the preservation of the bright part of the level, can be appropriate to reduce the brightness, but should have a clear highlights. Shadows discard details, which can increase the contrast and make the photo appear bright overall.
2. Sidelight
Light comes from near the side of the subject at a 45° angle. This kind of light makes the subject have a strong "stereoscopic" effect, which is extremely beneficial for characterizing the texture of the subject. The overall tone of the photo is smooth, with rich layers and weak contrast. When making such photographs, we should strive to increase the contrast and abandon the rich levels of detail. For darker photos, increase the overall brightness and discard too much dark detail. For photographs with brighter tones, we should strive to preserve the darkness and dark shadows. Such photographs should retain clear highlights and shadows, regardless of shades.
3.90 °C side light
Light comes from the side of the subject at a 90° angle. In the subject's side and the front will form a clear light and shadow contrast. The lack of detail on the light-receiving surface makes the backlight dark due to underexposure. When dealing with such photographs, the shadows should be the main focus, trying to open the contrast. For the light-receiving surface, it should be kept at a much lower level, and be careful not to damage its original light effect.
4. Backlight
The light is shot from the back of the subject. The subject is in a thick shadow with clear outlines. The main part of the photo is dark and lacks layers. The contrast is very weak and the subject is chaotic. For the treatment of such photos, care should be taken to preserve the original overall backlighting effect. For the subject to be highlighted, increase the contrast and discard some details.
Second, from the tone to see photos
According to the photo tone can be divided into high-profile, low-key two categories:
1. High-profile photo
High-profile photographs refer to photo frames where most of the area is white and highlight areas, with only a small area being black and shaded. The overall feeling is bright and refreshing, there is no excessive level, and the details are all concentrated in the bright part. When making such photos, highlights should be taken as the main part. Some details should be properly preserved while the brightness should be increased to ensure no damage. The original bright effect should not darken the shadows, but keep a small area of ​​black. The typical performance of such photos is for women and children in white or light-colored clothes, as well as glassware, white or light-colored porcelain and silverware.
2. Low-key photos
Low-key photographs are contrary to high-profile photographs. Most of the area in the picture is black or dark and shaded, with only a few areas in light shades. The overall atmosphere of the photo feels mysterious, heavy or depressing. The shadows are rich in levels and the overall picture contrasts strongly. In the production of such photos, the shadows should be the main, and the darkness should not be over-pressed, and the levels and contrasts of the darkness should be properly preserved to highlight the mystery of the photo as a whole: hidden in the dark are rich contents. The main body of this type of photographs is diverse, with characters, still life, and so on. The quest is for a long-term mystery. Therefore, this effect should be enhanced during processing.
Third, see the photo effect from the contrast
According to the contrast of the photo, there are two types of high contrast and low contrast:
1. High contrast photo
High-contrast photos refer to photographs with a wide range of densities. There is no hierarchy of such photographs, contrast between light and shade is strong, there is lack or even no hierarchy of highlights and shadows, and the overall effect is bright. In the process of processing, it is not necessary to deliberately pursue the details. The density of the original dark part should be maintained, and the bright part should be pulled to the brightest (but not netting, in order to highlight the high contrast effect). This type of photo is usually a picture of silhouette, inverse shading, side backlit effects, and textures.
2. Low contrast photo
Low-contrast photos refer to photos with a very small density range. They have no obvious shadows and highlights. The tone transition is smooth, the middle layer is rich, and there are abundant details. The photo is full of “boringâ€. Such photographs are often used to express thick fog, a feeling of drizzle, and are very helpful in reproducing delicate skin textures. When dealing with the production of such photographs, it is possible to increase the contrast by lowering the dark part and increasing the bright part, and to abandon the excessively rich levels of detail, and appropriately retain the middle level. However, the overall effect of the photograph should not be destroyed. For the scene shot by backlighting, the scene can be treated by local addition and reduction of light.
The “gray†photos due to underexposure can also be adjusted accordingly.
Non-technical factors of the photo - performance topics and content
First, scenery photography
As the name implies, the theme of scenery photography is not used to express nature. Due to the variety of nature scenes and the illusion of light, even the same scene will vary depending on the light, time, season, angle, and composition. Mainly in the light and shadow composition, contrast, level and color temperature.
1. When the weather is strong
The photographs taken at this time have obvious light and contrast, and the contrast is relatively large. The dark and bright parts are not very rich in levels, and the overall light is bright and colorful, and different light and shadow effects are produced due to different time:
a. When the sun rises. At this time, the light angle is flat, which will cause the subject to form long shadows. The photo has a certain sense of rhythm, and the color gradually transitions from the cool (blue) hue at sunrise to the warm (red-orange) hue. Sometimes with a faint fog. When dealing with such photos, you should maintain the original contrast, do not have to pursue the richness of the hierarchy, and pay attention to maintaining the original color tone.
b. Direct sunlight. At this time, the sunlight is similar to the vertical illumination, and the contrast between the light and shadow is obvious. The contrast is strong, the color reproduction is accurate, and the photo as a whole feels translucent. The lack of levels in the highlights focuses more on the shadows and shadows. When dealing with such photographs, care should be taken to maintain the light level of this part. By increasing the contrast in the dark areas, the main level of detail of the photographs should be displayed, and the photographs should always be given clear highlights and dark areas.
c. When the sun sets. The effect of light at this time is similar to that of the sun, except that the colors only appear warm (orange). This type of photo can be produced according to the photo of the sun rising.
2. Rain and fog, cloudy days
The contrast of these photos is relatively weak, there is no obvious highlights and shadows, and the layers are rich. The photos are “boring†and the colors are cold (blue). In the production should be a large contrast, give up too rich layers of detail, to make photos with high light spots and dark parts, and pay attention to correcting color.
3. night view
The photo of the night view is very beautiful. With the dark sky as the background, the lights are bright and colorful. The colorful headlights pull out the string of rainbows. Such photographs are of great contrast, with a serious lack of hierarchy and few details. Contrast effect should be maintained when handling. The black is the darkest, the highlight is the brightest, and the original level details are properly retained.
Second, portrait photos
The subject of this kind of photo shooting is people, including outdoor portraits and indoor portraits.
1. Outdoor portrait
Outdoor portraits are similar to other outdoor shots in using light. The difference is that the subject is a person. Therefore, outdoor portrait pictures should be based on characters during production. The characters in the photo can be processed according to different effects such as light and tone, and the background of the foiled character in the photo can be appropriately darkened to highlight the character.
2. Indoor portrait
Indoor portraits are mostly semi-independent or facial features. Exquisite study, rich levels, moderate contrast, soft tone, accurate color reproduction. In the production process, the original artistic features and light and color effects should be maintained as much as possible, and the contrast should be appropriately increased and the levels should be adjusted according to the different subjects. If the subject is elderly people and men, the contrast should be increased to express the rough skin wrinkles and the lines of male fortitude. If the subject is a young woman and a child, attention should be paid to retaining the level and the overall brightness. By reducing the brightness of the face to reduce the shadow of the shadows, they are used to express their delicate skin texture...
Third, still life photography
The main body of still life is still, with extremely refined light and color effects. Rich in levels, delicate in tone, excellent in the details of the subject and the color performance. Whether it is an ordinary exercise or a beautiful advertisement, the feeling is unique - pure beauty! Still life photography shows the subjective color of the photographer. In the production of processing still life photos, strive to maintain the original color effect, give up the excessively rich level of detail. The main factors that make up the original work, such as color, level, contrast, tone, etc., should not be significantly changed (as opposed to other types of pictures) after the production is completed.
Fourth, the stage stills
Stage stills are a special kind of picture. Due to the needs of the show, the transformation of the stage lighting is complex and diverse, thus resulting in a special charm of the stage stills. However, its biggest feature is the uneven distribution of light. The photographs taken are very different. The subject may be
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