Telecosm refers to an era of unlimited bandwidth, and this era is coming to us, this is the writer George Gilder described to us in his bestselling book "Telecosm: How Infinite Bandwidth Will Change Our World." However, the arrival of all this will not be as smooth as Gilder imagined. With the advancement of technology, some users have used broadband technology, and some users may still use the original 56K modem or even earlier configurations. The greater bandwidth forces web publishers to balance the value of different user requirements and to meet the expectations of various users as much as possible.
According to Jupiter's research, 28 million households in the US will use high-speed Internet access technology by 2005, accounting for 36% of the nation's online homes. With the popularity of broadband technology in the home, more and more people are demanding more online media content. Rich and varied, but in fact unless this technology is popularized to a very high extent, online publishers will continue to accommodate as many users as possible in order to take care of the conditions of ordinary users in a way that reduces quality or speed.
According to the report of the Federal Communications Commission of the United States, the high-speed lines connecting homes and small companies to the Internet in the first half of 2000 have increased from 2.8 million in 1999 to 4.3 million, an increase of 57%, although this data is encouraging. However, most home users still use 56K modems, and there is no plan to invest in expanding bandwidth. In the Jupiter Consumer Survey, 53% of respondents indicated that they are not interested in investing in broadband. It is the majority of these users who decide that online publishers should find a suitable match between their acceptance and the expectations of advanced users. balance point. After adding the right amount of audio stream to the site, the trouble is only just beginning, because we must be cautious and ensure that the basic structure of the network itself can be traded off between speed and quality.
Even if you already have a broadband network, the basic structure of the Internet has decided that you can only provide a very narrow path, so video and audio works can't be passed even under very good connection conditions because the amount of information is really too great. So the actual practice is to split the audio and video files that are delivered into small packets. These packets are sent over the Internet to the designated sites. All packets are then reassembled according to the original structure. This is the principle of the transmission of video and audio files on the Internet. In theory, the files before and after transmission are exactly the same. However, the splitting and reorganization of data packets can often be mistaken. This is like the story told in the science fiction movie “Fliesâ€. When a bizarre scientist reorganized his DMA, a fly accidentally flew in, disturbing the DNA structure of the scientists, and a flew with a head appeared. There will be accidents - packets may try to damage through poor connection, and can not be restored; network transmission bandwidth bottleneck appears, the server may shrink packets, delete some important information and thus reduce The effect of video and audio files; when the network is not good, the upload/download speed will be reduced - all these situations will undoubtedly greatly impair the interests of users. Once the user leaves in disappointment, it may never click on your site. This is why website publishers must carefully analyze the reasons for users and the technical status of their websites when adding video and audio content to the site.
From the above analysis, we can know that all judgments and choices of online publishers must be carried out around users. This will inevitably require publishers to fully grasp user information. Currently, publishers can do this completely because they have various user tracking. Technology alternatives, the latest execution tracking technology developed by the Keynote system and Exodus/Service Metrics can comprehensively track user information at each site, collect user's bandwidth capacity, and receive data about the quality of data packets, so that publishers can not only understand The connection status of each user can also trace the problems in the basic structure of the Internet.
Matt Parks, Keynote's senior product marketing manager, said that even if all users have already used broadband technology, their respective operating results will be different. It may be very good to reach Boston, and it will not perform well in New York. These specific implementations No one can predict the situation in advance. The only thing that can be done is to follow it at any time.
In April 2000, when Keynote company conducted coverage measurement on the site Victoria`s Secret, it found that there was a geographical difference in the information delivery and quality of live information. Some cities received video frames at rates of only 12kbps to 13kbps, while other cities and regions had The frame rate is 22kbps to 23kbps. In this example, it can be seen that even if users have broadband, the transmission effect will be affected due to the problems existing in the local network backbone. Of course, such issues as Victoria`s Secret site are not irremediable.
In general, people always think that there are only three aspects that a site can control: the content of the site, the hardware and software of the server, and the connection to the Internet. Therefore, if the problem lies in the infrastructure of the Internet, there is no way to do it. Actually, the facts This is not the case. For example, Keynote's Perspective program tells network operators that if a trunk connection through a region is not in a good condition, the local ISP can be contacted for resolution, or the user is required to strengthen the connection. Similarly, the Perspective program will keep track of reoccurrences. Problem so that the site can generate and follow quality confirmation agreements with the server.
In terms of content selection, the site needs to balance between broadband users and narrowband users. A 56k modem cannot handle a video stream or stream that is larger than 40 kbps, while a 40 kbps packet only means a very small window with a few frames and a moderate amount of audio. For this reason, many sites, including On24, The CBS Market Watch, Dow Jones Radio Newsroom decided to use only audio, thinking that this is the best option.
Parks pointed out that sites should be extremely careful when using video. Unless they can ensure that most users can use it well, they shouldn't join it, and audio will be much better. Even a 56k modem can handle audio well. file.
The biggest difficulty in the use of online video at present is that the speed of video files is blocked when they pass through a narrow width. Ideally, users watch TV at a frame rate of 30 frames per second. At such high speeds, the images are seamlessly connected. At present, online viewers see video programs that average only 12 to 15 frames per second. The effect is not satisfactory.
Some recent compression techniques developed by Roal Networks, Microsoft, Apple, and Onz can eliminate some of the obstacles to online video transmission. ReaVideo8, released in May 2000, can deliver video streams at 20 kbps, although it still can only be reached when browsing. 15 frames per second. Marry Robeerts, RealServer's production manager, believes that with this product, the trouble of online video is solved. RealVideo8's sister product is RealVAudio8, which is capable of sending a 56kbps sound and delivering 16kbps to 352kbps audio depending on the user's bandwidth.
The degree of procedural use of streaming media depends on the operation of a particular server. When many users download the same information to a server at the same time, an online "traffic jam" occurs and problems arise. Roberts believes that this kind of online “traffic jam†will not affect the speed of transmission, but the quality at this time has dropped. In this regard, Roberts uses cell phones as an example. In densely populated areas, cellular phones will degrade call quality. Similarly, in the case of a network congestion, in order to ensure the speed of data transmission, the network will compromise by reducing the quality of video/audio files.
In order to improve the quality of streaming media, Real Networks and other companies, such as Digital Zsland and Inter, deployed thousands of local servers at the edge of the network to reduce the physical distance the network travels. For example, an audience in Boston can watch CNN.COM directly from a local server without waiting for the audio/video streaming from Atlanta. This approach can not only reduce the quality deterioration caused by a service "traffic jam", but also reduce the problem of misalignment in the process of file splitting and data reorganization.
According to Roberts, the latest compression technology can achieve full-screen browsing at 400kbps F, but users can not expect to use the 56k modem to browse. For high-quality browsing, broadband is essential.
Network operators must make decisions that focus on those advanced users who implement 300kbps browsing - this is a very small crowd, or reduce the standard to 32kbps to occupy in some markets. Undoubtedly, the user's bandwidth will increase, and the compression technology will become more and more advanced. But after all, it needs a process. For a long time, the 56k modem will be enough for the user.
Download Speed ​​Problem When there was a questionnaire, users would not wait for the download time at one site to exceed 8 seconds, otherwise they would instead click on other sites. The fact is that the user's waiting time is probably only 4 or 5 seconds.
According to a zona survey, the annual economic loss caused by the slow operation of the site is 435 million U.S. dollars. For most online users, the difference in download time is one second, which may be the difference between the 30% exit rate and the 6% exit rate.
The number of kilobytes contained in the video/audio stream is the smallest, and the faster they transmit, the higher speed means lower quality. Keynote has tracked and evaluated the video and audio transmission quality of several of the most popular sites, Amaxon.com, and in the set of 10 levels, users can currently only reach an average of 2.5 in the next few years, with an increase in bandwidth. The level of compression technology advancement is expected to reach 6 or 7, but in the future, 4 or 5 cattle want to achieve DVD-level online video/audio programs.
At the same time, online publishers need to plan how to bring more visual and auditory enjoyment to their audience. When Jupiter's research was proposed, publishers should adopt a gradual improvement approach when developing streaming media, not counting on
One or two big revolutions can change the status quo.
The difference is that neither broadband nor narrow band users are expecting anything online. According to Jupiter's report, data released in March last year showed that 11% of consumers surveyed indicated that they wanted more entertainment features, such as video and 3D animation. Jupiter attributed this to the low quality of online media and they could not The quality of traditional television and radio programs competes. However, 17% of the same consumer group indicated that they are interested in adding video and images in certain aspects, such as demo products, online transactions, and step-by-step operations provided in complex processes.
As consumers increasingly use broadband technology to speed up downloads, they are increasingly interested in the application and entertainment capabilities of online media. Jupiter estimates that as suppliers increase, infrastructure costs decrease, and the price of broadband decreases monthly over the next four years until the current telephone access price, ie, between $20 and $25.
Infinite bandwidth, George Gilder wrote in his book, the user bandwidth growth rate is 10000 times the speed of computer development, the entire Internet traffic and bandwidth every 3 to 4 months to double. With all this development, Gilder expects to see big changes in the next 12 years. A home user can see any new movie in the world with just a few clicks of his computer. Gilder called this time Telecosm. At this time, the user can not only enjoy entertainment through the Internet, but also can quickly obtain information, a patient can be diagnosed and treated by a distant doctor through the network, the user can see real-time stock information, traffic conditions, and weather forecast on the video screen, but realize these The premise is that technology must first gain popularity in the world.
In 2000, only 17% of commercial businesses across the United States provided streaming video and audio on their own, but Sujata Ramnarayan, a senior analyst at Garter Interactive’s e-commerce and electronic digital media, said that with the popularity of advertising in streaming media, This number will increase. Ramnarayan also pointed out that only in broadband
According to Jupiter's research, 28 million households in the US will use high-speed Internet access technology by 2005, accounting for 36% of the nation's online homes. With the popularity of broadband technology in the home, more and more people are demanding more online media content. Rich and varied, but in fact unless this technology is popularized to a very high extent, online publishers will continue to accommodate as many users as possible in order to take care of the conditions of ordinary users in a way that reduces quality or speed.
According to the report of the Federal Communications Commission of the United States, the high-speed lines connecting homes and small companies to the Internet in the first half of 2000 have increased from 2.8 million in 1999 to 4.3 million, an increase of 57%, although this data is encouraging. However, most home users still use 56K modems, and there is no plan to invest in expanding bandwidth. In the Jupiter Consumer Survey, 53% of respondents indicated that they are not interested in investing in broadband. It is the majority of these users who decide that online publishers should find a suitable match between their acceptance and the expectations of advanced users. balance point. After adding the right amount of audio stream to the site, the trouble is only just beginning, because we must be cautious and ensure that the basic structure of the network itself can be traded off between speed and quality.
Even if you already have a broadband network, the basic structure of the Internet has decided that you can only provide a very narrow path, so video and audio works can't be passed even under very good connection conditions because the amount of information is really too great. So the actual practice is to split the audio and video files that are delivered into small packets. These packets are sent over the Internet to the designated sites. All packets are then reassembled according to the original structure. This is the principle of the transmission of video and audio files on the Internet. In theory, the files before and after transmission are exactly the same. However, the splitting and reorganization of data packets can often be mistaken. This is like the story told in the science fiction movie “Fliesâ€. When a bizarre scientist reorganized his DMA, a fly accidentally flew in, disturbing the DNA structure of the scientists, and a flew with a head appeared. There will be accidents - packets may try to damage through poor connection, and can not be restored; network transmission bandwidth bottleneck appears, the server may shrink packets, delete some important information and thus reduce The effect of video and audio files; when the network is not good, the upload/download speed will be reduced - all these situations will undoubtedly greatly impair the interests of users. Once the user leaves in disappointment, it may never click on your site. This is why website publishers must carefully analyze the reasons for users and the technical status of their websites when adding video and audio content to the site.
From the above analysis, we can know that all judgments and choices of online publishers must be carried out around users. This will inevitably require publishers to fully grasp user information. Currently, publishers can do this completely because they have various user tracking. Technology alternatives, the latest execution tracking technology developed by the Keynote system and Exodus/Service Metrics can comprehensively track user information at each site, collect user's bandwidth capacity, and receive data about the quality of data packets, so that publishers can not only understand The connection status of each user can also trace the problems in the basic structure of the Internet.
Matt Parks, Keynote's senior product marketing manager, said that even if all users have already used broadband technology, their respective operating results will be different. It may be very good to reach Boston, and it will not perform well in New York. These specific implementations No one can predict the situation in advance. The only thing that can be done is to follow it at any time.
In April 2000, when Keynote company conducted coverage measurement on the site Victoria`s Secret, it found that there was a geographical difference in the information delivery and quality of live information. Some cities received video frames at rates of only 12kbps to 13kbps, while other cities and regions had The frame rate is 22kbps to 23kbps. In this example, it can be seen that even if users have broadband, the transmission effect will be affected due to the problems existing in the local network backbone. Of course, such issues as Victoria`s Secret site are not irremediable.
In general, people always think that there are only three aspects that a site can control: the content of the site, the hardware and software of the server, and the connection to the Internet. Therefore, if the problem lies in the infrastructure of the Internet, there is no way to do it. Actually, the facts This is not the case. For example, Keynote's Perspective program tells network operators that if a trunk connection through a region is not in a good condition, the local ISP can be contacted for resolution, or the user is required to strengthen the connection. Similarly, the Perspective program will keep track of reoccurrences. Problem so that the site can generate and follow quality confirmation agreements with the server.
In terms of content selection, the site needs to balance between broadband users and narrowband users. A 56k modem cannot handle a video stream or stream that is larger than 40 kbps, while a 40 kbps packet only means a very small window with a few frames and a moderate amount of audio. For this reason, many sites, including On24, The CBS Market Watch, Dow Jones Radio Newsroom decided to use only audio, thinking that this is the best option.
Parks pointed out that sites should be extremely careful when using video. Unless they can ensure that most users can use it well, they shouldn't join it, and audio will be much better. Even a 56k modem can handle audio well. file.
The biggest difficulty in the use of online video at present is that the speed of video files is blocked when they pass through a narrow width. Ideally, users watch TV at a frame rate of 30 frames per second. At such high speeds, the images are seamlessly connected. At present, online viewers see video programs that average only 12 to 15 frames per second. The effect is not satisfactory.
Some recent compression techniques developed by Roal Networks, Microsoft, Apple, and Onz can eliminate some of the obstacles to online video transmission. ReaVideo8, released in May 2000, can deliver video streams at 20 kbps, although it still can only be reached when browsing. 15 frames per second. Marry Robeerts, RealServer's production manager, believes that with this product, the trouble of online video is solved. RealVideo8's sister product is RealVAudio8, which is capable of sending a 56kbps sound and delivering 16kbps to 352kbps audio depending on the user's bandwidth.
The degree of procedural use of streaming media depends on the operation of a particular server. When many users download the same information to a server at the same time, an online "traffic jam" occurs and problems arise. Roberts believes that this kind of online “traffic jam†will not affect the speed of transmission, but the quality at this time has dropped. In this regard, Roberts uses cell phones as an example. In densely populated areas, cellular phones will degrade call quality. Similarly, in the case of a network congestion, in order to ensure the speed of data transmission, the network will compromise by reducing the quality of video/audio files.
In order to improve the quality of streaming media, Real Networks and other companies, such as Digital Zsland and Inter, deployed thousands of local servers at the edge of the network to reduce the physical distance the network travels. For example, an audience in Boston can watch CNN.COM directly from a local server without waiting for the audio/video streaming from Atlanta. This approach can not only reduce the quality deterioration caused by a service "traffic jam", but also reduce the problem of misalignment in the process of file splitting and data reorganization.
According to Roberts, the latest compression technology can achieve full-screen browsing at 400kbps F, but users can not expect to use the 56k modem to browse. For high-quality browsing, broadband is essential.
Network operators must make decisions that focus on those advanced users who implement 300kbps browsing - this is a very small crowd, or reduce the standard to 32kbps to occupy in some markets. Undoubtedly, the user's bandwidth will increase, and the compression technology will become more and more advanced. But after all, it needs a process. For a long time, the 56k modem will be enough for the user.
Download Speed ​​Problem When there was a questionnaire, users would not wait for the download time at one site to exceed 8 seconds, otherwise they would instead click on other sites. The fact is that the user's waiting time is probably only 4 or 5 seconds.
According to a zona survey, the annual economic loss caused by the slow operation of the site is 435 million U.S. dollars. For most online users, the difference in download time is one second, which may be the difference between the 30% exit rate and the 6% exit rate.
The number of kilobytes contained in the video/audio stream is the smallest, and the faster they transmit, the higher speed means lower quality. Keynote has tracked and evaluated the video and audio transmission quality of several of the most popular sites, Amaxon.com, and in the set of 10 levels, users can currently only reach an average of 2.5 in the next few years, with an increase in bandwidth. The level of compression technology advancement is expected to reach 6 or 7, but in the future, 4 or 5 cattle want to achieve DVD-level online video/audio programs.
At the same time, online publishers need to plan how to bring more visual and auditory enjoyment to their audience. When Jupiter's research was proposed, publishers should adopt a gradual improvement approach when developing streaming media, not counting on
One or two big revolutions can change the status quo.
The difference is that neither broadband nor narrow band users are expecting anything online. According to Jupiter's report, data released in March last year showed that 11% of consumers surveyed indicated that they wanted more entertainment features, such as video and 3D animation. Jupiter attributed this to the low quality of online media and they could not The quality of traditional television and radio programs competes. However, 17% of the same consumer group indicated that they are interested in adding video and images in certain aspects, such as demo products, online transactions, and step-by-step operations provided in complex processes.
As consumers increasingly use broadband technology to speed up downloads, they are increasingly interested in the application and entertainment capabilities of online media. Jupiter estimates that as suppliers increase, infrastructure costs decrease, and the price of broadband decreases monthly over the next four years until the current telephone access price, ie, between $20 and $25.
Infinite bandwidth, George Gilder wrote in his book, the user bandwidth growth rate is 10000 times the speed of computer development, the entire Internet traffic and bandwidth every 3 to 4 months to double. With all this development, Gilder expects to see big changes in the next 12 years. A home user can see any new movie in the world with just a few clicks of his computer. Gilder called this time Telecosm. At this time, the user can not only enjoy entertainment through the Internet, but also can quickly obtain information, a patient can be diagnosed and treated by a distant doctor through the network, the user can see real-time stock information, traffic conditions, and weather forecast on the video screen, but realize these The premise is that technology must first gain popularity in the world.
In 2000, only 17% of commercial businesses across the United States provided streaming video and audio on their own, but Sujata Ramnarayan, a senior analyst at Garter Interactive’s e-commerce and electronic digital media, said that with the popularity of advertising in streaming media, This number will increase. Ramnarayan also pointed out that only in broadband
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